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Sura was a city in the southern part of ancient Babylon, located west of the river Euphrates. It was known for its agricultural products, which included grapes, wheat and barley. It was also an important study center of the Torah, home to an important Yeshiva, who - along with the yeshivot of Pumbedita and Nehardea - developed the Babylonian Talmud. According to Rav Sherira Gaon, Sura was identical to the village of Mata Mehasia, also mentioned in the Talmud. The Academy of Sura was founded by Rav Abba Arika in the 3rd century.
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