Closed system

In science, a closed system in strict terms, a system that does not exchange matter and / or energy with the environment. In practice, a closed system often speaks of limited exchange. Certain thermodynamic laws, such as the Second Law of Thermodynamics, relate specifically to closed systems. A (hypothetically) closed system that not only divides no matter but also does not exchange energy is also called an isolated system.

Politics speaks of a "closed system" when decision-making shows a lack of openness, and is hardly accessible to outsiders. Under the name 'glasnost', party leader Michail Gorbachev tried to open up the political situation of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s.

In the jurisprudence one speaks of a "closed system" (or "closed system") if a particular concept is legally defined by a summary of a limited number of possibilities. If the term is defined by a description, which in principle can meet more and more forms, one sees an open system.

Biosphere Experiments

Biosphere 2 is an ecological experiment attempting to let people live in a closed system where only energy in the form of sunlight was added. The experiment was conducted in the United States in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In the Soviet Union, a similar experiment was already done under the name of BIOS-3. Horticulture

There is also a closed crop system in the greenhouse horticulture plant. It is then grown on flowing water that is recycled, so that no fertilizers and chemical pesticides are leaked to the environment. Rainwater is collected in a water basin and used for further cultivation. In this system, airframes are used, which, among other things, lead to CO2 emissions to the environment. Also, additional heat is added.

A new system that is now being applied to a tomato growing company is a totally closed system. There are no more airframes here and air is treated with air treatment equipment. Both the temperature, the CO2 content and the humidity are controlled very accurately. In summer, solar radiation is a surplus of heat stored in a water source in order to be used again in winter using a heat pump. Additional heat (geothermal heat) is extracted from a 50 to 100 m deep source of groundwater for the required additional heating. Also see

wiki