Synapses with GABA receptors
A GABA agonist is an agent that enhances the action of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. The sensitivity of the receptors for GABA is increased by a GABA agonist. Operation
GABA receptors are ionotropic receptors that form ion channels for the passage of chloride ions when activated by GABA. They are located on the postsynaptic cell membrane of the synaptic gaps between nerve cells.
GABA mainly has an inhibitory effect because the GABA receptors strongly polarize the cell membrane when they pass chloride ions. This means that an action potential is suppressed and stimulation conduction within nerve cells is delayed by GABA agonists. The activity of nerve cells is suppressed by GABA agonists in large parts of the central nervous system. Application
GABA agonists are used in medicine as a sleeping aid, tranquilizer, antiepileptic or muscle relaxant. Many GABA agonists used in medicine belong to the benzodiazepines and the barbiturates. The use of GABA agonists can lead to addiction in people who are sensitive to it; the best-known GABA agonist is alcohol.
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