Archibald Geikie
Sir Archibald Geikie (Edinburgh, December 8, 1835 - Haslemere, November 10, 1924) was a Scottish geologist. Geikie contributed to various fields such as geomorphology (especially glacier operation), volcanology, structural geology and petrography.
James Geikie, his younger brother, was also a geologist. Biography and work
Geikie studied at the University of Edinburgh and worked for the British Geological Survey since 1855. His first work was the mapping of the geology of the island of Skye and other islands in the west of Scotland, mainly from volcanic rock. He worked there under Roderick Murchison, with whom he published a geological map of Scotland in 1862. In 1863 he published a study on the influence of glaciers on the landscape in Scotland. He believed, like other Scottish geologists of the time, like Andrew Ramsay, that the landscape is primarily formed by erosion and denudation. Geikie made a large number of study trips through Europe and the West of North America. A visit to the Grand Canyon convinced him of his ideas about erosion as the main process of landscape creation. He also studied volcanic rocks in Wyoming, Montana and Utah.
In 1865, Geikie was elected fellow of the Royal Society. When Geological Survey received its own department for Scotland in 1867, Geikie became Director. In 1871 he became professor of geology and mineralogy at the University of Edinburgh. He continued to retain both functions until 1881, when he became director of the Geological Survey and the Geological Museum in London. He conducted a lot of research using petrography and allowed large collections of abrasive plates of British rock. Geikie was president of the Geological Society in 1891 and 1892 and in 1909 president of the Royal Society. In 1891 he was arrested.
The marrow Dorsa Geikie on the Moon and the Gecko plateau in Greenland are named Archibald Geikie.
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