Euro banknotes and coins.
Chart money (literally: legal means of payment) is the tangible money (coins and bills) in the hands of the public, ie anyone except the cash-generating institutions (general or primary banks) and the government. Characteristic of this money is that one can touch it to be tangible. Chart money belongs to the giraal money to the social money amount, the money in the hands of the public. Coins and banknotes in the cash registers of the general banks are called cash reserves under a chart form, which does not belong to the cash. Intrinsic value and nominal value
For cash, a distinction is made between the intrinsic value (value of the material made the money) and the nominal value (the value stated on a coin or banknote). In the modern monetary economies, the intrinsic value of the cardinal money is usually less than the nominal value.
If the intrinsic value of a coin exceeds the nominal value, the currency will eventually lose its function as a circulation currency. Selling of the material whose currency is made is more than the coin itself. An example of a legal means of payment whose intrinsic value of the material was higher than the nominal value was the Dutch cents. Valuable banknotes were used in Germany in the 20's as scrap paper
In commemorative coins and other rare coins, the situation may occur that the value of the material does not exceed the nominal value, but the trade value of the coin itself. A euro coin from the Vatican City, for example, is worth a multiple of the nominal value for collectors, even though the intrinsic value of the material is no more than a few cents.
If hyperinflation occurs, banknotes may also cause the paper's intrinsic value to be greater than the banknote's nominal value. When that happens, banknotes are no longer used as a means of payment, but for various other applications, for example as paper. Chart money and money reserves under chart form
There is an important distinction between chart money and money reserves under chart form. The latter relate to the bank reserves, they do not serve to make payments, but are used as cover funds for the cash balances held by the public at the banks. The money that an attacker finds in the vault is initially money under the cardboard form and will only be cash if he takes it.
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