Visual sociology is a branch of sociology that has as its field of application the use of photography and other visual forms, today especially digital technology. It must be considered a cognitive method of social research, rather than a sociological discipline, which allows to account organically and simultaneously of a social phenomenon. Formed in the United States in the 1960s, with the contribution of Howard Becker, Arthur Clarke, Douglas Harper, in Italy, saw the light with the first reflections of Francesco Mattioli of the University of Rome La Sapienza, who resumed an intuition Franco Ferrarotti on the use of images in sociology began to set out the methodological rules of the use of versatile tools, but which threatened to drag the sociologist into an expressive and aesthetic enterprise. An important contribution to the development of visual sociology is also to Patrizia Faccioli, who has held important positions in the International Association of Visual Sociology Societies, the Visual Sociology Association and Pino Losacco. The most important fields of application of visual sociology concern social behavior and cultural production, so the study of subcultures, forms of interaction, the use of urban social spaces, environmental change, group and crowd dynamics, and more generally the forms of visual communication. Visual research is essentially divided into two strands: visual sociology on images, that is, an analysis of content - qualitative or quantitative - on images, photographic or cinematographic works produced for other purposes; and visual sociology with images, which uses instead photographs and movies specially designed to analyze various social phenomena. Produced images can remain an intermediate in a sociological research, or form the final datum. In this case, the research results are disseminated in two different ways: to the scientific community, remaining faithful to the scientific language; to a wider audience, with a language that, from the collected data, can stimulate and involve its attention (visual sociological study).

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