State nationalism is a form of nationalism in which the nation is defined as the citizenship of the existing state. Formal citizenship is the starting point here. It distinguishes itself from ethnic nationalism that wants to form a state from a nation-evolved nation. In state nationalism, one can only fully belong to the nation if one is solidarizing and identifying with the laws, habits and norms, the history and the language of the state. In national nationalism, national identity is consciously and programmatically shaped by education and the media, to become a matter of course after a few generations.
French state nationalism originated in the time of the French Revolution and characterized itself as liberal and progressive. It has since been a model for evolving nationalism and was a framework for the democratic emancipation of citizens. An entirely different development was going on in ethnic nationalism or national nationalism of central and eastern Europe. The peoples lived here in supra and multinational states, such as Austria-Hungary, the Russian and Ottoman Empire, and could not pursue their political emancipation within these states. They therefore sought their own national state form within which they could emancipate politically. Their starting point was not the existing citizenship, but it belongs to a people (ethnicity). Sovereignty, unlike state-national thinking, was not anchored in the existing state but in a people. Only after the establishment of a nation-based national state could political emancipation be developed into a citizenship. In this part of Europe, the formation of state was thus in the shadow of national identity formation. Their national state eventually became the result of national identity, not the designer, as in Western Europe. Still, this leads to misunderstanding and misunderstanding, a difference in the relationship between the European states and the notion of the opposition between nation and national minority in the central European states. See ethnic nationalism.
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